Metro East Sun

Illinois and the Midwest have long been central to agriculture, providing food for both the nation and the world. With advancements like ethanol and soy biodiesel, Illinois farms now play a significant role in the energy sector as well. Agriculture has been integral to Illinois' economy for over two centuries, encompassing farming, manufacturing, retailing, and trading.

The state's agricultural journey began with Indigenous subsistence farmers who recognized its potential. By the 17th century, when French explorers arrived, Illinois was noted for its fertile soil and abundant wildlife. A member of the Marquette and Jolliet expedition remarked on the region's fertility: “We have seen nothing like this river that we enter as regards its fertility of soil...”

Post-Revolutionary War settlers from the east coast found challenges in adapting to Illinois' landscape. Initially believing that fertile land was marked by tall trees, they struggled with equipment unsuited for Illinois' dense soil. John Deere, an Illinois blacksmith, revolutionized farming by inventing a polished steel plow suitable for these conditions.

Following Deere's innovation, farming flourished in Illinois. After the Civil War, it attracted farmers from across America and Europe seeking fertile land. Many families established farms that remain in their descendants' hands today.

Chicago emerged as a key hub due to agriculture and railroads converging there. Known as “Hog Butcher to the World,” Chicago also became a center for agricultural equipment manufacturing. The Chicago Board of Trade opened in 1848 to facilitate trade of farm goods; later evolving into today's CME Group.

Despite corporate growth in agribusiness and commodities trading firms like John Deere and Archer Daniels Midland thriving downstate, family farmers remain vital to Illinois agriculture. They manage 96% of state farms while balancing crop production with community involvement.

Illinois leads nationally in pumpkin production and ranks high in corn, soybeans, wheat, cattle, and hogs. It also boasts a growing wine industry alongside fruit production celebrated through festivals such as Nauvoo Grape Festival.

Acknowledging over 200 years of contributions from Illinois farmers is crucial as they continue feeding populations globally while preserving resources for future generations.